What hereditary condition is characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?

Albinism is a hereditary condition caused by a genetic mutation that affects the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. Individuals with albinism have varying degrees of melanin deficiency, which can result in lighter skin and hair as well as light-colored eyes. This lack of melanin not only affects appearance but also increases susceptibility to sunburn and skin cancer due to reduced protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Additionally, many individuals with albinism experience visual problems because melanin is crucial for proper eye development and function. This combination of features—partial or total lack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes—defines the condition of albinism, making it the correct answer in this context.

The other options listed, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), refer to types of skin cancer, while actinic keratosis is a precancerous condition caused by sun exposure, none of which relate to a genetic deficiency in melanin.